Present forms for the future

Present forms for the future

We use the present continuous to talk about things that we have already arranged to do in the future.

I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on Thursday.
I'm seeing Julie at 5 and then I'm having dinner with Simon.
He's picking me up at the airport.
The company is giving everyone a bonus for Christmas.

In many situations when we talk about future plans we can use either the present continuous or the 'going to' future. However, when we use the present continuous, there is more of a suggestion that an arrangement has already been made.

I'm going to see him./I'm seeing him.
I'm going to do it./I'm doing it.

We use the present simple to talk about events in the future which are 'timetabled'. We can also use the present continuous to talk about these.

My plane leaves at 6 in the morning.
The shop opens at 9.30.
The sun rises a minute earlier tomorrow.
My plane is leaving at 8.30.
The shop is closing at 7.00.
The sun is rising at 6.32 tomorrow.

===============================

Keywords : english grammar,english vocabulary,english dictionary,english games,english banana,english premier league,english to spanish,english songs,Free English Courses - Video/Audio English Courses,English Courses in London,Develop Your English ,Free interactive English language courses,Beginners English Course,english courses,english courses online,college english courses,spoken english courses,english courses harvard,english courses in high school,learn english,rosetta stone,english grammar courses

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,

The Future Tenses ' going to, will '

Future tense ' going to, will '

There is no one 'future tense' in English. There are 4 future forms. The one which is used most often in spoken English is 'going to', not 'will'.

Going to

We use 'going to' when we want to talk about a plan for the future.

I'm going to see him later today.
They're going to launch it next month.
We're going to have lunch first.
She's going to see what she can do.
I'm not going to talk for very long.

Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.

When I retire I'm going to go back to Barbados to live.
In ten years time, I'm going to be boss of my own successful company.

We use 'going to' when we want to make a prediction based on evidence we can see now.

Look out! That cup is going to fall off.
Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain soon.
These figures are really bad. We're going to make a loss.
You look very tired. You're going to need to stop soon.

We can replace 'going to go' by 'going'.

I'm going out later.
She's going to the exhibition tomorrow.

Will

Some people have been taught that 'will' is 'the future' in English. This is not correct. Sometimes when we talk about the future we cannot use 'will'. Sometimes when we use 'will' we are not talking about the future.

We can use 'will' to talk about future events we believe to be certain.

The sun will rise over there tomorrow morning.
Next year, I'll be 50.
That plane will be late. It always is.
There won't be any snow. I'm certain. It's too warm.

Often we add 'perhaps', 'maybe', 'probably', 'possibly' to make the belief less certain.

I'll probably come back later.
He'll possibly find out when he sees Jenny.
Maybe it will be OK.
Perhaps we'll meet again some day.

We often use 'will' with 'I think' or 'I hope'.

I think I'll go to bed now.
I think she'll do well in the job.
I hope you'll enjoy your stay.
I hope you won't make too much noise.

We use 'will' at the moment we make a new decision or plan. The thought has just come into our head.

Bye. I'll phone you when I get there.
I'll answer that.
I'll go.
I won't tell him. I promise.

Will - other uses

Older textbooks often refer to 'will' as 'the future tense' and this has confused a lot of learners.

It is important to remember that when we talk about the future we cannot always use 'will' and that when we use 'will' we are not always talking about the future.

Here 'will' is clearly referring to the future.

If I speak to her, I'll tell her about it.
I'll probably visit Sue when I go to Oxford.
Next birthday she'll be 32. Or so she says.

In these examples, however, 'will' is referring to events happening at the present.

The car won't start.
If that's the phone, I'll get it.
Will you have another cup of coffee?

When we use 'will' referring to the present, the idea being expressed is usually one of 'showing willingness' or 'will power'.

My baby won't stop crying. I've tried everything and I'm really exhausted.
I am the boss. You will do as I say.
I need quiet to write this but he will keep on talking to me. I wish he would leave me alone.

We use 'will' for requests, orders, invitations and offers.

Will you give me a hand?
Will you please take a seat?
Will you have some cake?
I'll help you.

We use 'will' to make promises or threats.

I'll do it at once.
I'll phone him back immediately.
I won't forget this.
I'll get my own back some day.

We use 'will' for habit.

A cat will always find a warm place to sleep.
My car won't go any faster than this.

We use 'will' for deduction.

I expect he'll want us to get on with it.
The phone's ringing. That will be Mark.

Look again at all of these examples of 'will'. They are all to do with the present or are 'timeless'.

Going to or will

When we want to talk about future facts or things we believe to be true about the future, we use 'will'.

The President will serve for four years.
The boss won't be very happy.
I'm sure you'll like her.
I'm certain he'll do a good job.

If we are not so certain about the future, we use 'will' with expressions such as 'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'.

I hope you'll visit me in my home one day.
She'll probably be a great success.
I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time.
I think we'll get on well.

If you are making a future prediction based on evidence in the present situation, use 'going to'.

Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day.
Look at the queue. We're not going to get in for hours.
The traffic is terrible. We're going to miss our flight.
Be careful! You're going to spill your coffee.

At the moment of making a decision, use 'will'. Once you have made the decision, talk about it using 'going to'.

I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to call her about the meeting.
I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm going to have a drink with Simon.

=======================


1	I'm certain you'll do well in your new job.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

2	I'm convinced he'll be a success in the job.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

3	I'm seeing him at the end of the afternoon.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

4	No, you're my guest. I'll pay.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

5	It's late. I think I'll come in early tomorrow to finish this.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

6	The boss looks very angry. I think he's going to shout at us.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

7	I'm starting work there next Monday.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

8	That train always get in late. They won't be early.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

9	Don't worry. I'll get it.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision

10	I'll help, if you want.
		There is evidence now for the future event
		The speaker has already made an arrangement.
		Something the speaker thinks is certain to happen
		The speaker's decision is made at the moment of speaking
		The speaker has already made a decision
=============================== Keywords : english grammar,english vocabulary,english dictionary,english games,english banana,english premier league,english to spanish,english songs,Free English Courses - Video/Audio English Courses,English Courses in London,Develop Your English ,Free interactive English language courses,Beginners English Course,english courses,english courses online,college english courses,spoken english courses,english courses harvard,english courses in high school,learn english,rosetta stone,english grammar courses .

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,

Past perfect and Past perfect continuous

Past perfect and Past perfect continuous

Past perfect

We use the past perfect simple to talk about what happened before a point in the past. It looks back from a point in the past to further in the past.

I hadn't known the bad news when I spoke to him.
I checked with the supplier and they still hadn't received the contract.
She had already told him before I got a chance to give him my version.
The company has started the year well but was badly hit by the postal strike.

The past perfect simple is often used when we report what people had said/thought/believed.

He told me they had already paid the bill.
He said he believed that John had moved to Italy.
I thought we had already decided on a name for this product.

Past perfect continuous

We use the past perfect continuous to look back at a situation in progress.

It was a good time to invest. Inflation had been falling for several months.
Before I changed jobs, I had been working on a plan to reduce production costs.
We had been thinking about buying a new house but then we decided to stay here.

We use it to say what had been happening before something else happened.

It had been snowing for a while before we left.
We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining.
He was out of breath when he arrived because he had been running.

We use it when reporting things said in the past.

She said she had been trying to call me all day.
They said they had been shopping.
I told you I had been looking for some new clothes.

===============================

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,

Present perfect and Present perfect continuous course

Present perfect and continuous

Present perfect

(Please note that British and American English have different rules for the use of this tense. The explanation and exercises here refer to British English. In American English, it is often acceptable to use the past simple in some of these examples.)

We use the present perfect when we want to look back from the present to the past.

We can use it to look back on the recent past.

I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
They have cancelled the meeting.
She's taken my copy. I don't have one.
The sales team has doubled its turnover.

When we look back on the recent past, we often use the words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives and questions only).

We've already talked about that.
She hasn't arrived yet.
I've just done it.
They've already met.
They don't know yet.
Have you spoken to him yet?
Have they got back to you yet?

It can also be used to look back on the more distant past.

We've been to Singapore a lot over the last few years.
She's done this type of project many times before.
We've mentioned it to them on several occasions over the last six months.
They've often talked about it in the past.

When we look back on the more distant past, we often use the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.

Have you ever been to Argentina?
Has he ever talked to you about the problem?
I've never met Jim and Sally.
We've never considered investing in Mexico.

Present perfect continuous

This tense is used to talk about an action or actions that started in the past and continued until recently or that continue into the future:

We can use it to refer to an action that has finished but you can still see evidence.

Oh, the kitchen is a mess. Who has been cooking?
You look tired. Have you been sleeping properly?
I've got a a stiff neck. I've been working too long on computer.

It can refer to an action that has not finished.

I've been learning Spanish for 20 years and I still don't know very much.
I've been waiting for him for 30 minutes and he still hasn't arrived.
He's been telling me about it for days. I wish he would stop.

It can refer to a series of actions.

She's been writing to her regularly for a couple of years.
He's been phoning me all week for an answer.
The university has been sending students here for over twenty years to do work experience.

The present perfect continuous is often used with 'since', 'for', 'all week', 'for days', 'lately', 'recently', 'over the last few months'.

I've been wanting to do that for ten years.
You haven't been getting good results over the last few months.
They haven't been working all week. They're on strike
He hasn't been talking to me for weeks.
We've been working hard on it for ages.
I've been looking at other options recently.
He's been working here since 2001.

Present perfect simple or continuous

Often there is very little difference between the present perfect simple and the present perfect continuous. In many cases, both are equally acceptable.

They've been working here for a long time but Andy has worked here for even longer.
I've lived here for 10 years and she has been living here for 12 years.

To emphasize the action, we use the continuous form.

We've been working really hard for a couple of months.
She's been having a hard time.

To emphasize the result of the action, we use the simple form.

I've made fifteen phone calls this morning.
He's written a very good report.

Look at the difference in these examples.

I've been reading this book for two months but I've only read half of it. It's very difficult to read.
She's been trying to convince him for 20 minutes but she hasn't managed to yet.
They've been talking about this for month and they still haven't found a solution.

When an action is finished and you can see the results, use the continuous form.

The phone bill is enormous. You've been calling your boyfriend in Australia, haven't you?
You're red in the face. Have you been running?

When you use the words 'ever' or 'never', use the simple form.

I don't know them. I've never met them.
Have you ever heard anything so strange in your life.

===============================

Keywords : english grammar,english vocabulary,english dictionary,english games,english banana,english premier league,english to spanish,english songs,Free English Courses - Video/Audio English Courses,English Courses in London,Develop Your English ,Free interactive English language courses,Beginners English Course,english courses,english courses online,college english courses,spoken english courses,english courses harvard,english courses in high school,learn english,rosetta stone,english grammar courses

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,

Past simple and Past continuous course

Past simple and continuous

Past simple

We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.

We can use it to talk about a specific point in time.

She came back last Friday.
I saw her in the street.
They didn't agree to the deal.

It can also be used to talk about a period of time.

She lived in Tokyo for seven years.
They were in London from Monday to Thursday of last week.
When I was living in New York, I went to all the art exhibitions I could.

You will often find the past simple used with time expressions such as these:

Yesterday
three weeks ago
last year
in 2002
from March to June
for a long time
for 6 weeks
in the 1980s
in the last century
in the past

Past continuous

We use the past simple to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.

We can use it to talk about a specific point in time.
We use the past continuous to talk about past events which went on for a period of time.

We use it when we want to emphasize the continuing process of an activity or the period of that activity. (If we just want to talk about the past event as a simple fact, we use the past simple.)

While I was driving home, Peter was trying desperately to contact me.
Were you expecting any visitors?
Sorry, were you sleeping?
I was just making some coffee.
I was thinking about him last night.
In the 1990s few people were using mobile phones.

We often use it to describe a "background action" when something else happened.

I was walking in the street when I suddenly fell over.
She was talking to me on the phone and it suddenly went dead.
They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to them.
The company was declining rapidly before he took charge.
We were just talking about it before you arrived.
I was making a presentation in front of 500 people when the microphone stopped working.

Past simple or continuous

Both the past simple and the past continuous refer to completed actions in the past.

Most of the time when we are talking about such actions, we use the past simple. This is by far the most common way of talking about the past.

I lived there for 6 years.
I only found out a few moments ago.
I asked her but she didn't know anything.
The company made 100 people redundant last year.

Only use the past continuous when you want to emphasize the continuity of the action.

Everybody was talking about it all evening.
They were really trying hard but couldn't do it.
I was thinking about you the other day.
Were you expecting that to happen?

When we use these two forms in the same sentence, we use the past continuous to talk about the "background action" and the past simple to talk about the shorter completed action.

It was raining hard when we left the building.
I was reading the report when you rang.
He was going out to lunch when I saw him.
The company was doing well when I last visited it.

===============================

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,

Present simple and Present continuous

Present simple and continuous

Present simple

We use the present simple to talk about actions we see as long term or permanent. It is a very common and very important tense.

Here, we are talking about regular actions or events.

They drive to the office every day.
She doesn't come here very often.
The news usually starts at 6.00 every evening.
Do you usually have bacon and eggs for breakfast?

Here, we are talking about facts.

We have two children.
Water freezes at 0° C or 32° F.
What does this expression mean?
The Thames flows through London.

Here, we are talking about future facts, usually found in a timetable or a chart.

Christmas Day falls on a Monday this year.
The plane leaves at 5.00 tomorrow morning.
Ramadan doesn't start for another 3 weeks.
Does the class begin at 10 or 11 this week?

Here, we are talking about our thoughts and feelings at the time of speaking. Although these feelings can be short-term, we use the present simple and not the present continuous.

They don't ever agree with us.
I think you are right.
She doesn't want you to do it.
Do you understand what I am trying to say.

Present continuous

The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. We use the present simple to talk about present situations which we see as long-term or permanent.

In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking.

It's raining.
Who is Kate talking to on the phone?
Look, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet.
I'm not looking. My eyes are closed tightly.

In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don't think it will be true in the long term.

I'm looking for a new apartment.
He's thinking about leaving his job.
They're considering making an appeal against the judgment.
Are you getting enough sleep?

In these examples, the action is at a definite point in the future and it has already been arranged.

I'm meeting her at 6.30.
They aren't arriving until Tuesday.
We are having a special dinner at a top restaurant for all the senior managers.
Isn't he coming to the dinner?

Present simple or continuous

The Present Simple is used for:

regular actions or events
He plays tennis most weekends.

facts
The sun rises in the east.

facts known about the future
We leave at 8.30 next Monday

thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking
I don't feel very well.

The Present Continuous is used for:

the time of speaking ('now')
Shh, I'm trying to hear what they are saying .

things which are true at the moment but not always
We're looking for a new flat.

present plans for the future
We're having dinner with them next week .

Look at these examples :

I don't usually have cereals for breakfast but I'm having some this morning because there is nothing else.

I often cycle to work but I'm taking the car this morning because it's raining very hard.

I'm thinking about having my hair cut short but I don't think my husband will be very happy about it.

My parents live in Washington but I'm just visiting.

Note how, in all these examples, we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.

===============================

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,

Privacy Policy for courses4learning

Privacy Policy for courses4learning.blogspot.com

If you require any more information or have any questions about our privacy policy, please feel free to contact us by email at Warda3-el@live.com.

At courses4learning.blogspot.com, the privacy of our visitors is of extreme importance to us. This privacy policy document outlines the types of personal information is received and collected by courses4learning.blogspot.com and how it is used.

Log Files
Like many other Web sites, courses4learning.blogspot.com makes use of log files. The information inside the log files includes internet protocol ( IP ) addresses, type of browser, Internet Service Provider ( ISP ), date/time stamp, referring/exit pages, and number of clicks to analyze trends, administer the site, track user’s movement around the site, and gather demographic information. IP addresses, and other such information are not linked to any information that is personally identifiable.

Cookies and Web Beacons
courses4learning.blogspot.com does use cookies to store information about visitors preferences, record user-specific information on which pages the user access or visit, customize Web page content based on visitors browser type or other information that the visitor sends via their browser.

DoubleClick DART Cookie
.:: Google, as a third party vendor, uses cookies to serve ads on courses4learning.blogspot.com .
.:: Google's use of the DART cookie enables it to serve ads to users based on their visit to courses4learning.blogspot.com and other sites on the Internet.
.:: Users may opt out of the use of the DART cookie by visiting the Google ad and content network privacy policy at the following URL - http://www.google.com/privacy_ads.html

Some of our advertising partners may use cookies and web beacons on our site. Our advertising partners include ....
Google Adsense

These third-party ad servers or ad networks use technology to the advertisements and links that appear on courses4learning.blogspot.com send directly to your browsers. They automatically receive your IP address when this occurs. Other technologies ( such as cookies, JavaScript, or Web Beacons ) may also be used by the third-party ad networks to measure the effectiveness of their advertisements and / or to personalize the advertising content that you see.

courses4learning.blogspot.com has no access to or control over these cookies that are used by third-party advertisers.

You should consult the respective privacy policies of these third-party ad servers for more detailed information on their practices as well as for instructions about how to opt-out of certain practices. courses4learning.blogspot.com's privacy policy does not apply to, and we cannot control the activities of, such other advertisers or web sites.

If you wish to disable cookies, you may do so through your individual browser options. More detailed information about cookie management with specific web browsers can be found at the browsers' respective websites.

Comments : 0

Posted :

GRAMMAR

THE SIMPLE PAST:

is used :
a/ to talk about actions and states which we see as completed in the past.
b/We use it to talk about a specific point in time.

I saw her in the street yesterday.
He came back last Thursday.
We didn't agree to the deal.
c/We can also use it to talk about a period of time.

We lived in Japan for five years.
She was in London from Monday to Thursday last week.
When he was living in New York, he went to all the bars and clubs he could.

You will often find the past simple used with time expressions such as these:

Yesterday
Four weeks ago
last year
in 2012
from March to June
for a long time
for 8 weeks
in the 1960s
in the last century
in the past

THE PAST CONTINUOUS:

is used for:
a/to talk about past events which took place for a period of time.
b/It is used to emphasize the continuing process of an activity or the period of that activity. (If we want to talk about a past event as a simple fact, we use the past simple.)

1.While I was driving home, Richard was trying desperately to phone me.
2.Sorry, were you sleeping?
3.I was just making some tea. Would you like some?
4.I was thinking about her last night.
5.In the 1990s, very few people were using mobile phones.
c/We often use it to describe a "background action" when something else happened.

1.They were still waiting for the plane when I spoke to them.
2.He was talking to me on the phone and it suddenly went dead.
4.She was walking in the street when she suddenly fell over.
5.The company was growing rapidly before he became chairman.
6.We were just talking about it before you arrived.
7.I was having a cup of coffee when I remembered I was supposed to be in a meeting!

THE PRESENT SIMPLE:

is used for:
a/regular actions or events :
He plays tennis most weekends.
<b/facts: :
The sun rises in the east.
c/facts known about the future ::
We leave at 8.30 next Monday
d/thoughts and feelings about the time of speaking::
I don't feel very well.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS:

The Present Continuous is used for:
a/the time of speaking ('now'):
Sshh, I'm trying to hear what they are saying .
b/things which are true at the moment but not always:
We're looking for a new flat.
c/present plans for the future:
We're having dinner with them next week .

Look at these examples :

1.I don't usually have cereals for breakfast but I'm having some this morning because there is nothing else.
2.I often cycle to work but I'm taking the car this morning because it's raining very hard.
3.I'm thinking about having my hair cut short but I don't think my husband will be very happy about it.
4.My parents live in CASABLANCA but I'm just visiting it.

Note how, in all these examples, we use the present continuous to talk about events which are temporary/limited in time and the present simple to talk about events which are habits/permanent.

THE PRESENT PERFECT:is used :
a/when we want to look back from the present to the past.

We can use it to look back on the recent past.

1.I've broken my watch so I don't know what time it is.
2.They have cancelled the meeting.
3.She's taken my book. I don't have one.
b/When we look back on the recent past, we often use the words 'just' 'already' or the word 'yet' (in negatives and questions only).

1.We've already talked about that.
2.She hasn't arrived yet.
3.I've just done it.
4.have you spoken to him yet?
5.She's done this type of project many times before.
c/When we look back on the more distant past, we often use the words 'ever' (in questions) and 'never'.

1.Has he ever talked to you about the problem?
2.I've never met a famous singer.

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS:

is used to:

to talk about an action or actions that started in the past and continued until recently or that continue into the future:
a/We can use it to refer to an action that has finished but you can still see evidence.

1.Oh, the kitchen is a mess. Who has been cooking?
2.You look tired. Have you been sleeping properly?
3.I've got a a stiff neck. I've been working too long on computer.
b/It can refer to an action that has not finished.

1.I've been learning English for 3 years and I still don't know how speak it very well.
I've been waiting for him for 30 minutes and he still hasn't arrived.
He's been telling me about it for days. I wish he would stop.
c/It can refer to a series of actions.

1.She's been writing to her regularly for a couple of years.
2.He's been phoning me all week for an answer.

The present perfect continuous is often used with 'since', 'for', 'all week', 'for days', 'lately', 'recently', 'over the last few months'.

1.I've been working for this companyt for ten years.
2.He's been working here since 2001
3.You haven't been getting good results over the last few months.
4.They haven't been working all week. They're on strike
5.I've been looking at other options recently.

THE PAST PERFECT SIMPLE:

is used to:
a.to talk about what happened before a point in the past. It looks back from a point in the past to a time further in the past.

1.She had already spoken to him before I had time to give him my version.
2.I checked with our customers but they still hadn't received the delivery.
3.I hadn't known the bad news when I saw him.
4.The company had started the year very well but was hit badly by the strikes.
b/It is often used when we report what people had said/thought/believed.

1.He phoned me to say that they had already paid the bill.
2.She said she thought John had moved to Italy.
3.I thought we had already decided on somewhere for our holidays.

THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS (FOR FUTURE):

is used :
a/When we talk about things that we have already arranged to do in the future.

In these examples, we are talking about regular actions or events.

1.I've got my ticket. I'm leaving on Thursday.
2.I'm seeing a movie at 5 and then I'm having dinner with a colleague.
b/In many situations when we talk about future plans we can use either the present continuous or the 'going to' future. However, when we use the present continuous, there is more of a suggestion that an arrangement has already been made.

1.I'm going to see him./I'm seeing him.
2.I'm going to do it./I'm doing it.
c/We use the present simple to talk about events in the future which are 'timetabled'. We can also use the present continuous to talk about these.

1.My plane leaves at 6 in the morning.
2.The shop opens at 9.30.
3.The sun is rising at 6.32 tomorrow.

THE FUTURE WITH (GOING TO..):

There is no one 'future tense' in English. There are 4 future forms. The one which is used most often in spoken English is 'going to', not 'will'.
a/We use 'going to' when we want to talk about a plan for the future.

1.I'm going to see him later today.
2.We're going to have lunch first.

Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.

1.When I retire I'm going to go back to my home town to live.
2.In ten years time, my elder son is going to take over my own successful company.
b/We use 'going to' when we want to make a prediction based on evidence we can see now.

1..Look out! That vase is going to fall off.
2.Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain soon.

THE FUTURE WITH (WILL):

a/We can use 'will' to talk about future events we believe to be certain.

1.Next year, I'll be 50.
2.That plane will be late. It always is.
b/Often we add 'perhaps', 'maybe', 'probably', 'possibly' to make the belief less certain.

1.I'll probably come back later.
2.Maybe it will rain again.
3.Perhaps we'll meet again some day.
c/We often use 'will' with 'I think' or 'I hope'.

1.I think she'll do well in the job.
2.I hope you won't make too much noise.
/d.We use 'will' at the moment we make a new decision or plan. The thought has just come into our head. apromise or an offer:

1.Bye. I'll phone you when I get there
2.I'll answer that.
3.I won't tell him. I promise.

CONDITIONAL ZERO):

a/WE use "zero conditional" When we want to talk about things that are always or generally true, we can use:

If/When/Unless plus a present form PLUS present simple or imperative

1.If you press this button, you get black coffee.
2.When the temperature rises,ice melts.
3.When you go to the beach, take some sun cream.
CONDITIONAL 1ST::
a/We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen.

1.If we take the children, they'll be really pleased.
2.If you give me some money, I'll pay you back tomorrow.
3.unless he feels better,he won't go with us
CONDITIONAL 2ND::
a/We can use the Second Conditional to talk about 'impossible' situations.

1.If I had one million dollars, I'd give a lot to charity.

(Notice that after I / he/ she /it we often use the subjunctive form 'were' and not 'was'.)

2.If she were really happy in her job, she'd be working much harder.
(Notice the form 'If I were you' which is often used to give advice.)

1.If I were you, I'd change my job.
b/We can also use the Second Conditional to talk about 'unlikely' situations.

1.If I won the lottery, I'd buy my parents a big house.
2.If I went to the moon, I'd bring back some moon rock.

Notice that the choice between the first and the second conditional is often a question of the speaker's attitude rather than of facts. For example, consider two people Peter Pessimist and Otto Optimist.

NAJIB – If I win the lottery, I'll buy a big house.(optimist)
KAMAL – If I won the lottery, I'd buy a big house.(pessimist)

CONDITIONAL 3ND:

a/Often referred to as the "past" conditional because it concerns only past situations with hypothetical results. b/Used to express a hypothetical result to a past given situation.
1.If Jack had thoughttwice, he wouldn't have made such a stupid mistake.
(did he think? no)
(did he make a mistake ? Yes)
2.They would have been home by ten if the train had been on time.
(was the train on time?no)
Were they home by ten ?No)

WISH+SIMPLE PAST:

a/the main use of 'wish' is to say that we would like things to be different from what they are, that we have regrets about the present situation.

(Notice that the verb tense which follows 'I wish' is 'more in the past' than the tense corresponding to its meaning)

1.I wish I was rich.
2.He wishes he lived in Paris.
3.I'm too fat. I wish I was thin.
4.It's raining. I wish it wasn't raining.

WISH+PAST PERFECT::
b/showing regrets about past situations:

1.I went to see the latest Star Wars film. I wish I hadn't gone.
2.I've eaten too much. I wish I hadn't eaten so much
c/we use 'would'after wish" when we anticipate some change

1.He won't help me. I wish he would help me.
2.You're making too much noise. I wish you would be quiet.
3.You keep interrupting me. I wish you wouldn't do that.

COMPARATIVES//SUPERLATIVES

MAIN USE :

Comparatives are used to compare two things and to highlight the superiority, inferiority, or equality of one term compared to another.
For comparisons in larger groups, you must use the superlative. The superlative designates extremes: the best, the first, the worst, the last, etc.

SUPERIORITY: a) Short adjectives: adj+ er than
Peter is taller than Sandra.

b) COMPARATIVES :Long adjectives: :MORE + adj + THAN
A Ferrari is more expensive than a Mini.
SUPERLATIVE:Short & long adjectives:
:THE ADJ+-EST/IESTt...

:THE MOST/THE LEAST + adjective...

It's the nicest place i've ever visited
This is the most pleasant place on Earth!
EQUALITY Short & long adjectives:
:AS... adjective... AS..

English is as easy as German. Doesn't exist
INFERIORITY Short & long adjectives::LESS + adjectif + THAN
July is less cold than January.

NOTES:

Short adjectives: 1 syllable (eg: young) + 2-syllable adjectives ending in -y (eg: pretty)
Long adjectives: all the other adjectives

COMPARATIVES:
> If the adjective ends in "--y" the "y" becomes "i" : heavy --> heavier
> If the adjective ends in "--e" only an "r" is needed: wise --> wiser
> If the adjective ends with "single vowel + consonant" the consonant is doubled and one adds "--er" : big --> bigger
> Some very common adjectives have irregular comparatives: good --> better | bad --> worse | far --> farther

SUPERLATIVES:
Irregular forms: good --> the best · bad --> the worst · far --> the farthest

Comments : 0

Posted :

Tag : Learn English Course,